Food security

DefinitionNational security is a dynamic condition, a nation that contains the ductility and toughness are able to develop resistance, National Strength in the face and overcome all the challenges, obstacles and threats that come from within and from outside. Also directly or indirectly that could jeopardize the integrity, identity and the survival of the nation and the state.In the struggle for the ideals / national goals Indonesian nation is not protected from various threats that sometimes endanger safety. The way in order to confront these threats, the Indonesian nation must have the ability, toughness, and durability is called national security. One aspect of national resilience is in the food sector.Indonesia has a sub-tropical nature highly fertile, agricultural resource we can indeed abundant if managed properly. But ironically as one of the country blessed with abundant natural resources instead it has serious problems regarding food security in the country. Self-sufficiency and food security in our country is very vulnerable because of its dependence on foreign supplies.
THESE ARE FACTORS AFFECTING FACTOR TO REVERSE THE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY:1. Import Consumption Lowers National Food SecurityAccording to national statistics import needs food supply, among others, 100% for wheat is still on the outside, 60% of the total demand for soybeans was imported, 70% of the total demand for milk is still imported, 54% of the total demand for sugar is imported, 30% for beef from the total requirement is imported, 11% of the total demand for rice is still imported, and 5% of the total demand for maize is still imported. National Food SecurityFrom the figures can be expected that what was done by the government is still not optimal for overcoming the national self-reliance and food security. But at least there is good news in the years ahead that there is a target on the government to develop five strategic food commodities such as rice, soybeans, sugar, corn, and beef. National Food Security2. Weakening Agricultural Sector As Backbone National Food SecurityThe challenge facing the agricultural sector will be more severe, because it should be able to overcome the problem of the welfare of farmers are increasingly marginalized due to pressure prices of imported goods and rising fertilizer prices.With sluggish agricultural sector makes more and more farmland began switching function. A lot of land that is supposed to be a place for the existing farm irrigation facilities but become residential areas. Or also the amount of land that should be productive land but is now a vacant land for reasons of production revenue imbalance with production capital. National Food Security3. Politics Food Linked to National Food SecurityPolitical domestic food too pragmatic and only in favor of consumers, making easy entry of imported goods only to meet domestic needs or close without thinking about the impact on food production sector in this regard agriculturalists. In fact they were the first harmed if no arrangement wisely from the central government. National Food Security
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IMPROVEMENT EFFORTS TO IMPROVE THE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITYTo improve food security at least there are some things that must be done by the government include:Ø Increasing the welfare of farmers, agrarian reform, to avoid concentration of ownership of productive land in order to farm workers who could be more numerous independent farmers as well.Ø Setting policy import basic foodstuffs in order to protect the domestic market from price dumping invasion of outside speculators in this regard.Ø Optimization of agricultural land, especially near the area of ​​irrigation.Ø Improved agricultural inputs especially irrigation flow.Ø Prevent conversion or land conversion of agricultural production.Ø Empower back to sleep land to make it productive.Ø To encourage the acceleration of the expansion of agricultural land food crops.Ø Improving the quality of productivity or intensification such as the use of improved seed, balanced fertilization, integrated pest management, and efficiency of water utilization.Ø Improved post-harvest.Ø Accelerate diversification of food consumption.According to the study that the World Food Programme's food supply import dependency for a country of greater than 100 million, will make it difficult to advance the nation and independent. We hope that the current government knows this and hopefully there is a better future plans to promote independence and national food security.
PRODUCTION PROBLEMS AND EFFORT TO OVERCOMING NATIONAL FOODThe low rate of increase in food production and the continued decline in production in Indonesia, among others caused by:Ø Productivity crops remains low and continues to decline;Ø Improved crop-growing areas are stagnant and even declining, especially in the food productive agricultural land on the island of Java.A combination of the above two factors ensure production growth rate from year to year are likely to continue to decline. To address these two fundamental technical issues that need to be made special efforts in agricultural development, food in particular within the framework of national food security program.Here's how to cope:1. Efforts to Increase Productivity of Food CropsThe average national food crop productivity remains low. The average productivity of paddy is 4.4 t / ha (Purba S and Welding, 2002) corn 3.2 ton / ha and soybeans 1.19 tons / ha. When compared with other producing countries in the world, especially rice, rice productivity in Indonesia is at rank 29. Australia has an average productivity of 9.5 tons / ha, Japan 6.65 tonnes / ha and China 6.35 tonnes / ha (FAO, 1993).The dominant factor causing low productivity of food crops is (a) Implementation of cultivation technology in the field is still low; (B) land fertility rate continues to decline (Adiningsih, S, et al., 1994), (c) exploration of the genetic potential of plants is still not optimal (Guedev S Kush, 2002).To solve the above problems the government should provide subsidies of technology to farmers and stakeholders involved in the acceleration of change (Saragih, 2003). Technology subsidies in question is the capital for farmers to obtain or may buy technology pengawalannya productivity and cultivation technology can be controlled so completely and efficiently to post-harvest stage. For example, farmers can acquire the technology and application of organic biological productivity (eg Bio P 2000 Z), seed / fertilizer grade and post-harvest mechanization and also escort facilitation.2. Adding Expansion Efforts New Agricultural LandThe difficulty to increase national food production, among others, due to the development of new food agricultural land not by conversion of productive agricultural land being turned into other functions such settlements. Indonesian irrigated lands of 10,794,221 hectares have been donated rice production amounted to 48,201,136 tons and 50% of it is contributed from the island of Java (CBS, 2000). However, given the density of population in the island of Java, where land crops continues to be degraded with increasing housing needs and options on commodities that have higher economic value such as horticulture. If there is no special effort to increase productivity significantly and / or open new areas of agricultural food is certainly food production in the country will not be able to meet national food requirements.Of the cropland expansion efforts that can be taken are: (1) Utilizing the swampy areas and tidal included in the tidal area (2) Optimizing the bare land and unproductive land on the island of Java. The second option above absolute must in barengi by implementing productivity technology since most of the land is not fertile for crops.See the above facts, the best solution is: (1) the government should give legal permission for the right of land management that has diusahahan farmers a kind of concession to productive farming food crops so that farmers can contribute to the taxes on businesses and the land use, ( 2) provide guidance cultivation technology in particular to apply the organic technologies and Bio / biodiversity to improve soil fertility and guarantee sustainable farming and environmentally friendly and (3) Involve stakeholders and the private sector who have a commitment to support the agribusiness system that will guarantee food crop market certainty , Means Input technology productivity and added value of its integrated farming. Management of dry land for farming can be done by applying organic productivity technologies that make a significant contribution to the improvement of food production and the welfare of society. For example, if 150,000 ha of land used for the cultivation of corn if the additional organic productivity technology can produce an average of 6.5 tons / ha is done with 2 times MT there will be additional production of: 1.95 million tonnes of maize, would mean substituting more than 60% of imported maize. Multiple effects of food crop farming is very significant in improving the welfare of farmers and local communities and for the national interest.
ACHIEVING FOOD SELF SUFFICIENCY FOR MEWUUDKAN INDEPENDENCE AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITYFood security build people's food agribusiness based in Indonesia need to get serious attention. In 1984 the self-sufficiency been achieved which is carved as a great achievement at the time, but years later deteriorated so that efforts to maintain and meet national food needs are increasingly threatened. Agricultural land clearing project a million hectares of peatland in Central Kalimantan, implementation BIMAS, Insus, SUPRA Insus; does not seem to provide benefits even in the last decade we were stuck in kesejangan food and national food production and food imports increasingly threatened serve as an instant solution. Ought to be rebuilt berkerakyatan agricultural development framework and independence and welfare oriented evenly in the agribusiness system are integrated. The problem of food supply to the population should be viewed as a whole, not just assessed the costs and benefits alone but further scrutiny on the political aspects, and social because in view of national food security must be part of the national defense.Placing food as part of putting the interests of the people, nation and country and a sense of nationalism to protect, love and improve local food production must continue dikembang-majukan. Food agriculture included in transmigration areas should not be seen as a land for employment or conditioned farmers to continue to provide subsidies to the economic growth of other sectors with the selling rate pressure results should be low and the cost of inputs continue to soar. But the food farmers should receive priority protection by the government through the selling price and production subsidies for farmers carrying mandate for food security, food farmers need to get a decent welfare. In this case it is natural that the government siding with the farmers and agricultural production of food for the largest group of Indonesian society.Food import policies stand out as instant program to address the production shortfall would make farmers worse off and powerless over food security development system that is not firm. Due to over supply of imported food often force farmers selling price becomes lower yields are not comparable to the cost of production so that farmers continue to bear the loss. It makes farming food no longer of interest to farmers and choose another profession outside the farm, so that national food security becoming brittle.Seeing the current conditions and trends of food production increasingly depends on imports and a shift in consumption patterns in order to achieve food self-sufficiency, the future must be done through the integrated efforts are concentrated on increasing national food production planned start "precision" in the upstream sector - a process ( on farm) and downstream. What should be emphasized is: increased productivity and application of bio-tech / bio-organic, agricultural expansion of food and resource optimization support local empowerment, food trading system policies and restrictions on food imports, loans and subsidies for the production of food farmers, pemacuan production centers and availability silos to stock food to the smallest level in achieving food self-sufficiency in every area. For that pemacuan increase national food production should be supported by the readiness of the funds, the provision of land, technology, society and infrastructure that serve as the national food security policy.PaddyIn the period of the next decade Indonesia should be able to self-sufficient food for its people. Table 2 illustrates the performance of pacing output and reduction of rice imports considered rational.Assuming an average population growth of 1.5% per year and imported rice is about 1.5 to 2 million tonnes in 2003 and domestic production of about 52 million tons, to achieve self-sufficiency in 2010 required the trend of increasing production by 1, 8 to 2.1% per year. This increase is very rational and can be done by looking at the potential for product-tivity that can be improved and the potential availability of new land that can be opened like a tidal land, swampy and dry land to paddy (Suprihatno, et al, 1999; Irianto, Billy, et al., 2002 ).CornIn 2002, corn imports reached 2.2 million tons and its production growth since 2000 indicates a trend that tends to be negative. Seeing the potential is there that it attempts to spur the production of corn in the next 10 years can still be made, even though to be able to achieve a surplus (exports). By creating a production growth rate of 2% to 6.5% per year, then in 2010 Indonesia will be able to export corn. It is very rational to be realized and attained since there are a lot of vacant land and dry land that could potentially be used optimally in order to increase corn production. Opportunities productivity Bio technology implementation and application of biological organic hybrid seeds to increase the average productivity of 3.5 tons / ha to more than 6.5 tons / ha in the land is still very reasonable especially agribusiness corn has been supported by available and the readiness of stakeholders from upstream to downstream.SoyEfforts to boost soybean production is tough considering there are about 70% soybean needs met from imports. Soybean imports continue to flood in 2000 had a tragic impact for soybean farmers and to achieve the balance of imports should be no special treatment to restore the confidence of farmers planting soybeans back. Efforts to balance imports and the growth of soybean production if production can be improved linearly from 13% in 2003, growing to rise to 20% in 2010. During the next decade (2003-2013), which is rational to do is reduce imports by substitution of production in the country to live 10-20% of imports. It is relevant to current conditions and can occur if there is a trade system settings for a decent price certainty when farmers harvest soybeans and create high productivity resulting in lower production costs per unit results.Implement policies soybean trade system, import restrictions (tariffs) and incentives / subsidies for agricultural producers is necessary in this commodity as a commodity lives of many people (Inkopti, 2001), if the decision is food self-sufficiency as a political decision for food security. The issue of productivity of soybean technology and the actual land is no longer a problem, it's just that if farmers are not given a subsidy of technology, productivity remained low (<1.2 tonnes / ha) and production costs per unit of product to be high so that the future can not compete freely in the market. These efforts need to be done by implementing policies to stimulate simultaneous high growth both by involving stakeholders soybean businesses from upstream to downstream, technology, farmers, banks and governments.Must be created conditions conducive to giving protection to farmers. Creating and realizing national food self-sufficiency to be more emphasis on the role of farmers as well as stakeholders who oversee the production system of assuredness provision of technology, the means of production to the downstream industry. Facility policies that provide convenience food farmers receive subsidies of technology, mechanization and facilitation of supporting culture (such as the infrastructure for agriculture such as irrigation and roads, and production credits), market protection and limited import policy is necessary to re-stimulate agri-food. In this case the need for a plan and clear guidelines and systematic as to the commitment of stakeholders, especially from the government through the Ministry of Agriculture and relevant departments in realizing a strong national food self-sufficiency as a national decision which is supported by the local government as executor in the field.Efforts to create food self-sufficiency by developing the production of alternative food sources of food substitution of imports carried out in line with the pacing of three major food commodities above. Carbohydrate food source that can be used to substitute imported food such as potatoes, white corn and tubers. Develop alternative food sources this would have a high economic value as well as high productivity per hectare, food such as industrial raw materials. With the diversity of food sources consumed and can be produced in the country is expected to reduce food imports significantly and reduce dependence on foreign food so that the resilience of national food self-sufficiency and more stable.ROLE IN SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY ORGANIC FOOD SECURITY SUSTAINABLESubsidies technology became an important part of efforts to create a strong food security, should give priority to environmentally friendly technology productivity. The technology has proven to be a significant contribution to the improvement of productivity and proven not only to improve the productivity of food crops but also capable of conserving and environment-friendly production. Besides, the technology applied should be simple, easily understood and implemented so that the farmers can be applied in the field as a whole and have escort / assistance in the field to ensure its success.For example, bio-fertilizer technology Bio P 2000 Z are mixed from a collection of selected micro-organisms are superior indegenus conditioned useful to be able to live in harmony with each other in synergy with the commercial culture of micro-organisms and equipped with nutrients and micro and macro nutrients useful for microbial and commodity cultivation. A set of micro-organisms useful superior biological fertilizer packed in Bio Perforation consists of decomposers (Hetrotrop, putrefaction), solvents and phosphate minerals, nitrogen fixation, Autotrop (photosynthesis) and microbial fermentation and microbial liaison (like Mycorrhiza) that work in synergy and nutrients of organic materials simple, such as compounds of protein / peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, secondary compounds, enzymes and hormones; as well as macro nutrients: N, P, K, S, Ca, and other micronutrients in combination with: such as Mg, Si, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cl, B, Cu, that all the elements mentioned above processed through fermentation.Bio Perforation is komprehenship shaping and conditioning the natural ecological balance through a set of micro-organisms superior services useful yangdikondisikan, in synergy with the natural microbial indogenus and nutrition; and by using the principle of "mem-bioperforasi" naturally by inorganic substances, organic and biotic on living organisms (such as plants) so that the spur and / or control the growth and production. Apparently with such a system blockage problem can be solved agricultural commodity production (Mashar, 2000).Through the services of superior micro-organisms that previously had been conditioned to the environment as well as the growth and development of plants equipped with nutrients and nutrients, the limiting factor of production and growth constraints and environmental origin can be soaked soil so that plants can be stimulated to produce without disturbing constellation of genetic engineered plants that have been owned previously , This is in line with the aim of increasing productivity of crop varieties with high genetic potential as hybrid rice, PTB and other high-yielding rice that will be developed for critical areas prone lowland stresses unstable soil fertility. Such as the use of microbial transmigration area Bio P 2000 Z regularly and as recommended were able to boost crop production potential in question exceeds its reference Genetic and stress resistor elements in the soil.Perforation Bio excellence in the application of technology is the increased productivity of rice and rice quality. At the national superior rice productive tiller spur increasing the average 19-35 tillers and strong roots (Figure A), lodging resistance and stem borer attack; panicles larger (containing) so than without Bio P2000Z on volume of milled rice (GKG) the same yield increased by 30% - 40%. Because the nutrient balance is rice clearer and not easily crushed / broken during grinding